Well that depends. If your unit has a standard policy PT program, if the policy requires approval for sports during PT, or the policy has some or other restrictions that are known to the leaders of the unit, yes–they could recommend you for punishment because you failed to follow instructions or because you disobeyed an order. If your PT plan was in line with unit policy, this should be a non-issue.
It seems strange that this would be the sole issue driving an Article 15.